November 19, 2022
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Cool story about the operations of partisans inside Kherson. Little operational details reveal how little of tradecraft has changed since the SOE in WW2.
Duress codes to indicated that the agent has been compromised and is coerced. Here they use word substitution:
Smoke and Ihor had agreed on a subtle code that could act as a warning — for example, responding to a message with “ok” instead of “all right.”
The WW2 codes were deliberate mistakes in the encryption. Messages had to have specific mistakes in specific locations to indicate duress. Houses used by resistance members had their own protocols. Before arriving the visitor would call, and if the house was compromised the code phrase was, “yes, come over.”
Some of the resistance was more public, but for psychological effect. An organization called Yellow Ribbon regularly spray-painted locations around town — marking Russian establishments with a yellow ribbon symbol or the Ukrainian letter “i.”
This was a significant part of the Polish underground during WW2. Everywhere had underground movements that worked exclusively on graffiti, newsletters, pamphlets, and other means of political warfare.
The Polish resistance symbol is an easy to draw anchor with the symbolic meaning of PW, for Polska Walcząca “Poland fighting.” It was even easier to deface posters and signs that had a P into the anchor. It became popular with school kids who would do it for lulz. Like drawing a moustache on a picture, they drew resistance symbols everywhere.
Graffiti is a very popular means of resisting occupation. Low risk, but it has a morale impact. And frequently that is the most important thing during occupation. Military efforts by partisans seldom have much impact, so they need to win in the contest of wills. Resistance movements committed to the long war can succeed, but the fight is a Moraleschlacht — a battle of morale.
“The guerrilla wins if he does not lose. The conventional army loses if it does not win.” — Kissinger, 1969
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Not sure what I think about this yet. On the one hand, propaganda is meant to collectively sway groups of people, so it makes sense. On the other hand, I feel that these “it works because of this one weird trick!” papers are ignoring that when propaganda is effective it is always due to multiple factors.