Cyber Warfare: A Simple Framework for Understanding Its Role in Armed Conflict

The use of cyber for warfare is an endlessly exciting, complex, and misunderstood topic. In order to help understand the military use of cyber I will outline a basic conceptual framework. This framework is so extremely useful that many people have independently arrived at the same core structure.

• Danny Moore's book, "Offensive Cyber Operations," is an in-length analysis of military cyber using his own variant of this framework.
• Victor Zhora (Deputy Chairman and Chief Digital Transformation Officer of the SSSCIP of Ukraine) has used a version when discussing Russian cyber attacks.
• Max Smeets (Dir­ector of the European Cy­ber Con­flict Re­search Ini­ti­at­ive) has used a different variant when discussing Russian cyber operations in Ukraine.

To name but a few...