By Fred Vogelstein

Patrick Hsu got noticed early as an academic superstar. He was taking classes and doing lab work at Stanford University when he was 14. He had his PhD from Harvard in biochemistry and biological engineering by the time he was 21. 

It was cutting edge schooling too. Most of his college, masters and PhD work from 2010 to 2014 was in Feng Zhang’s lab at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Zhang, one of the pioneers in the development of CRISPR, was Hsu’s thesis advisor. Hsu’s Linkedin page lists Hsu as an author on ten papers during that period, three as first author (who did most of the work) and two as second author.

He said in an interview with author, cardiologist and genetics professor Eric Topol recently that he learned to code growing up the way others learned foreign languages. “I used to work through problem sets before dinner growing up. And so it was just something I learned natively like learning French or Mandarin.”  

By Fred Vogelstein

I joined Bluesky as soon as I could get my hands on an invite back in the summer of 2023.  Twitter/X had become an increasingly unpleasant place since Elon Musk bought it in 2022. And then I discovered what many did back then: There weren’t enough users. I stopped using it. 

This is the biggest problem for any new social network: It needs to reach a certain size for it to be useful. The trick is getting to that certain size. You have to offer something truly new or be the beneficiary of some galvanizing force to get over that hump. Many thought the changes Musk made to Twitter/X during the first year he owned it would be enough. They weren’t.

Then Donald Trump became President. He made Musk, who’d spent more than any single person in history to help elect him, a top advisor. And that proved to be the final straw. Millions fled Twitter/X all at once to Bluesky. Its user base immediately doubled to 20 million. By the end of January it had hit 30 million. By the time you read this it will be 33.8 million. Bluesky looks like it’s adding more than 1 million users a month, based on some of the apps that track that data. 

By Om Malik

Sometimes, a car is not just a car.

Take the new Volvo ES90, as an example.

In its press release, Volvo touts computing power of 508 trillion operations per second (TOPS), thanks to dual NVIDIA Orin chips. The ES90 features lidar technology, five radars, seven cameras, and 12 ultrasonic sensors. Its neural network can process 200 million parameters. The electric vehicle’s range matches Tesla’s top models. This isn’t just a car — it’s more of a supercomputer on wheels.

I woke up too early this morning to watch India play Australia in the Champions Trophy cricket. I know, I don’t have a life. But while the game was unfolding , slowly, obviously, because it’s cricket, I decided to set up two Philips Hue Iris lights in my apartment. I figured I needed more light, and for home automation geeks like me, these were supposed to be the best—fully integrated into the Apple Home ecosystem.

So I went through the usual setup process. Connected the lights. Connected the Hue bridge. Downloaded the app. Everything worked. Or so I thought. The real problem began when I tried to connect the Philips Hue system to Apple Home. The whole reason I went with Hue was that it was supposed to work seamlessly with Apple’s smart home ecosystem. Simple, effortless, intuitive—at least in theory.

That’s when my morning turned into a lesson in frustration. No matter what I did, the lights refused to respond. The app recognized them. Apple Home showed them as connected. But when I tried to turn them on or off? Nothing. The company websites proved worthless. ChatGPT often helps in situations like this. Not here. Even AI fails in the convoluted world of IoT devices.

This isn’t the first time this has happened to me with Internet of Things devices. In fact, it’s typical. My Matter-enabled Eve smart plugs sometimes lag for no reason, creating a gap between lights being switched on or off. When I think about it, I’ve probably tried dozens of these devices over the past 25 years. They rarely work, and when they do, it’s only after hours of frustration.

By Fred Vogelstein and Om Malik

This is a story about three dates: 1994, 2007, and 2022. And then three more dates: 1996, 2009 and 2025. 

1994 was the year Netscape unveiled the first mainstream internet browser. 2007 was the year Apple unveiled the iPhone. And 2022, a hair over 2 years ago, was the year Open AI unveiled ChatGPT. There are many ways to frame the digital revolution of the past 30 years. But to us, focusing on these three eras makes the most sense. 

By Om Malik

The ink had not even dried on the whopping $500 billion AI Project Stargate when a small meteor hit the planet “AI.” DeepSeek, a company associated with High-Flyer, an $8 billion Chinese hedge fund, released an open-source AI reasoning model, DeepSeek R1. It was immediately seen not only as an attack on OpenAI, the US’s AI giant, but an attack on American innovation writ large.  The launch of R1 put renewed focus on DeepSeek’s news from December when it claimed that it had achieved OpenAI-like capabilities for a mere $6 million for its V3 model.

And just like that, DeepSeek changed the AI narrative from one requiring big, bad data centers, billions of dollars in investments, and access to hundreds of thousands of the latest and greatest Nvidia chips to one requiring a fraction of that investment. It raised questions about the economics of cutting-edge foundational models. And most certainly, it made many rethink their preconceived ideas of what the trajectory of “AI” was.

Specifically, DeepSeek said that with merely $6 million, it had trained its AI model for 3 percent to 5 percent of what American AI companies spent to do the same thing. Never mind the fact that this overstates DeepSeek’s total spend. The DeepSeek-V3 model was developed using a cluster of 2,048 Nvidia H800 GPUs, with each of those H800 units costing about $30,000 each, totaling just over $61 million. The $6 million for the final training run (excluding all other expenses) had the right impact.

By Fred Vogelstein

For the past two years - since ChatGPT ignited the modern AI revolution - I’ve wondered aloud to anyone who would listen about when AI was going to enable the large language model of me. Instead of crawling the public internet, it would create a queryable database exclusively based on the digital file cabinets of my personal and professional life.

I want this because I’m in the idea generation business. The best way to generate ideas is to identify the intersections of vectors - things that are happening or might happen - before anyone else. We do that today by reading and listening to smart people. But many of us also know there is a wealth of information in our digital files that would be super useful if only it didn’t take so long to read through them all and process the information within. Desktop search programs help a little. But even the best ones don’t approach what I’m hoping for. 

By Om Malik

The shift to AI has gotten me back into tinkering mode. A friend pushed me into using Cursor early, and I am using it all the time—not to write apps or create software, but to figure out how things work.

Cursor is an AI-enhanced development environment, part of a new category of AI-augmented development tools that differ from traditional terminal emulators or standard integrated development environments (IDEs). The company has grown rapidly, reaching nearly $100 million in annual recurring revenue (ARR) since its inception in 2023. While Cursor isn’t alone in this space – V0 from Vercel is another example – it’s the one I personally use.

It reminds me of using a browser in the 1990s, finding a website I liked, and right-clicking on the page to see the source code. That allowed me to figure out how everything worked. I can talk to Cursor in English. Now I can use it to create specialized one-off pieces of software. I don’t want to write software for a living, but I also don’t want to be ignorant about the world around me.

By Fred Vogelstein

When you talk to Jakob Uszkoreit you have to bring your “A“ game. It's not because he's evasive. It's because the stuff he's working on is cutting edge enough that you need every neuron firing to keep up with what he's talking about.

Uszkoreit is one of the fathers of modern AI. In 2017 he was one of eight authors of Attention is All You Need, known to many as the Transformer paper. Its publication, while he and his coauthors were top software engineers at Google, is one of the seminal moments of the AI revolution. It’s arguably akin to the creation of the domain name system of the internet in the 1980s or Tim Berners Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web itself in the early 1990s. 

Now together with Rhiju Das, a star biochemistry professor at Stanford and one of the earliest scientists to appreciate the power of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), he’s mining the intersection of AI and biology with a three-year old company named Inceptive. 

By Om Malik

Mike McCue, the founder of Flipboard, loves the media. He loves reading, watching, and immersing himself in what other Silicon Valley types derisively think of as “content.” McCue, not surprisingly, has spent the past 15 years creating a way to better consume media digitally. He was at ground zero of the web revolution — he worked at Netscape, the first portal to a digital universe for most average people. A decade and a half ago, soon after Steve Jobs announced the iPad, McCue started Flipboard.

At its buzziest, it raised more than $200 million from venture capitalists such as Kleiner Perkins, Index Ventures, Insight Venture Partners, Rizvi Traverse, JPMorgan Chase, and Goldman Sachs. It managed to attract the best and brightest talent, especially designers. The startup came up with interesting designs and innovative concepts to display information on iPad and iPhone screens. It talked about using machine learning as a way to organize information. It wanted everyone to create their own magazines. It aimed to give traditional media a platform to recreate their products and make money from advertising.

As is often the case, the first mover is usually the one with the most arrows in its back. Flipboard has lost its buzz. It hasn’t gone away, and neither has McCue. Flipboard went through a reset, and McCue is now funding it with his own money alongside investment from his former backer, John Doerr. Along with running Flipboard, he has been quietly building something new — an app called Surf. I wondered aloud if this was Flipboard 2.0. “It’s a completely new product from Flipboard,” said McCue. “It’s as if I started Flipboard over again, knowing everything I know and learned.”

By Fred Vogelstein

Every new drug that goes into development is a multi year, multi billion dollar gamble. Those that make it to approval - through the five to ten year gauntlet of clinical trials and regulatory scrutiny - grant their creators a license to print money for nearly a decade. The problem is that only about one in ten make it that far. These sky high costs are partly why drugs are so expensive. 

Dave Latshaw, a computational biochemistry PhD out of North Carolina State University thinks he can change all that using AI. He thinks it can squeeze a lot of the risk and inefficiency out of the system, making drugs cheaper and less of a gamble to develop. 

By Om Malik

I’m addicted to Apple’s Vision Pro. It’s a nearly perfect entertainment device, serving as my ideal television. Sure, I would like it to be lighter. I so badly wish that its battery would last longer. And I wish Siri worked better on it, so that when I ask it a question about what I'm watching (say, how many home runs has Juan Soto has hit at Dodger Stadium?), it might present answers alongside the video feed from the Yankees game. Going to Safari to look up that information separately is a real pain. 

If the Vision Pro taught me anything, it’s that on a device designed for immersive experiences the Safari browser feels like an afterthought. In a world where AR, VR, and voice-controlled systems are becoming more integrated into daily life, the browser’s limitations become glaringly obvious. At this point, there is no way the Vision Pro is leaving my life, but I wouldn’t mind at all if my browser did.

For most of us, it’s hard to imagine life without an internet browser. But as AI disaggregates information from text, video, and music into unique remixable AI chatbot answer streams, it’s clear to me that over the next decade the browser will need to adapt or die.  

By Om Malik

Pete Warden is the kind of fellow you would run into at the old eTech conference or at Foo Camp—an old-school engineer who is equally at home hacking hardware and writing code in the latest languages. It was at an eTech conference that I first met Warden. I can’t remember the context, but we have been in touch ever since. He would come to my events (when I hosted them), and I would email him to confer on some story ideas I was contemplating.

We often swapped emails about the rise of cheap-and-cheerful chips such as the Arduino. We marveled at the potential of the Internet of Things. He eventually sold his first startup to Google and went to work there. We lost touch. His writing about technical issues, however, has been a big influence on how I think about connected devices and their utility. He is a man who knows the Internet of Things and its foibles quite well.

By Fred Vogelstein 

Many still believe AI optimization is an oxymoron. You can’t optimize something as complicated and inherently unpredictable as a neural network. Even if it could be done, what AI chatbot would grant outside companies database access like that? That’s how they’re competing - on the proprietary quality of their data and algorithms. And why bother? AI chatbot training databases change infrequently. Even if you succeeded, it might take months before you saw results. 

By Om Malik

Dennis Crowley has built his career at the intersection of emerging technologies and human behavior. Twenty years ago, as a 25-year-old inspired by Harry Potter's Marauder's Map, he created Dodgeball—turning text messaging into a way for friends to find each other in the city. When the iPhone emerged, he launched Foursquare, riding the convergence of GPS, apps, and our growing comfort with social networks to transform how we interact with places around us.

Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and eventually shut it down in 2009. Dennis left Google to start Foursquare with his co-founder Naveen Selvadurai. Foursquare rose like a meteor, and much of its core functionality was subsumed by Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg has no qualms about copying others’ ideas and then presenting them as his own. Foursquare, sadly, has since lost its preeminence in the location sweepstakes.

By Fred Vogelstein

When Shiv Rao was a cardiologist and investor in Pittsburgh, he saw a patient with a 10-year-history of breast cancer who seemed particularly tense during the appointment. “At the end of the encounter I asked her if there was something I did or said to make her so anxious. She told me that since her initial diagnosis of breast cancer her husband had come to every single encounter … and took notes. He couldn’t be there that day. She told me that him taking notes meant she could feel liberated to be present in the conversation knowing that they could go home and research all of his notes, Google them, and learn about all the different medical terminology that was discussed.”

By Om Malik

It’s Saturday in South Park. Kids are squealing. A man shadowboxes behind me. Sitting across from me on a not-so-clean bench are Bethany Bongiorno and Imran Chaudhri, partners in both life and work. They are co-founders of Humane, the San Francisco company behind AI Pin, arguably the first AI personal computer. (Also: What is an AI Pin?) We were meeting to discuss the next step in the company’s evolution. And what better place than the fabled South Park—erstwhile home to Twitter and Instagram, before they moved to a bigger future?

They launched about six months ago. Their promised device, the AI Pin, was supposed to free us from the tyranny of the phone and its screen. The square screenless device is a tad bigger than a smartwatch. It magnetically clips to your clothes. It looks like something right out of a “Star Trek” future. Press the device and ask it to make appointments or call an Uber.

What came into the hands of reviewers and eventually customers was nowhere close to the nirvana many had imagined. The gulf between the promise and reality had reviewers frothing at the mouth. One very influential reviewer called it the “worst product he had reviewed.” Others were equally or even more brutal.“The problem with so many voice assistants is that they can’t do much — and the AI Pin can do even less,” The Verge reported. The device had poor battery life, and heating issues, the laser display was subpar, and more importantly, the device felt quite laggy. The biggest cardinal sin, though, was that it didn’t really have a killer app in the traditional sense. For me, “AI” was that killer app.

By Om Malik

I first met Matthew Prince in 2010, the day he launched Cloudflare at TechCrunch Disrupt. His original pitch for Cloudflare was “Content Delivery Network (CDN) for the masses” that would take a few minutes to set up. Others like Akamai offered similar services, but for big-budget customers. Cloudflare was going after a burgeoning ecosystem of apps and relatively young services. That simple elevator pitch hid the real “why” of Cloudflare nicely—in the future, Prince and his co-founders Lee Holloway and Michelle Zatlyn wanted to build a network that would not only offer simplicity and speed but also protect their customers from emerging internet threats such as denial-of-service attacks.

Having seen the emergence of Akamai and a few other similar companies, it was clear Cloudflare was the one to watch. Their simpler, cloud-centric approach was novel. It was the way the modern internet was being built. It resonated with me. I decided to stay close, not only to Prince, who is a charming and eloquent communicator but also to keep close tabs on Cloudflare.

Fast-forward to today — that vision has turned Cloudflare into a $32 billion (in market capitalization) company with almost $1.3 billion in 2023 revenue. Those numbers don’t tell the full story of Cloudflare and its role in the internet’s infrastructure and smooth functioning. Just last month, the San Francisco-based company warded off a world-record 3.8 Tbps DDoS attack. DDoS attacks are very much a routine problem for large infrastructure providers.

By Fred Vogelstein

I remember when Bill Gross launched GoTo.com back in early 1998. The idea seemed nuts. Search was broken. Spammers had polluted results. In many cases they’d become just a list of who’d paid the most for placement. Google wasn’t even a company until the end of that year. But GoTo’s solution - to just be up front about spammers’ deception - seemed completely wrong. “Pay for search? That’s making it worse, not better,” most in Silicon Valley said. A chunk of the audience actually hissed at Gross when he was done unveiling GoTo at the 1998 Ted Conference in Monterey, he said..

Today we know what happened instead: The idea behind GoTo changed the world. GoTo was the first meaningful pay-for-performance search ad company - and half of what became Google Adwords four years later. When Google married pay-for-performance ads with its superior search results, it revolutionized the modern internet. No one thought you could make a dime with traditional search until Google did this. Google today is worth more than $2 trillion because it did.

Gross should have made a zillion dollars from this, but as he’ll tell you himself, he screwed it up. The idea seemed so obvious to him that he didn’t immediately think to patent it. And by the time he’d realized his mistake, during his first conversations with investment bankers wanting to take GoTo public, pay-per-click, as it came to be known, was unpatentable. 

Welcome to Crazy Stupid Tech, a newsletter about the tech-of-technology that shapes the future

If you don’t know us, here’s a quick introduction.

• I am Fred Vogelstein, an investigative technology and biotech journalist. I’ve been writing about Silicon Valley mostly for Wired, The New York Times Magazine and Fortune since 1998. I’m also the author of “Dogfight: How Apple and Google went to war and started a revolution.” 

• I am Om Malik, partner emeritus at True Ventures. I was the founder of GigaOm, a pioneering technology blog and media company. I have been writing about technology since the early 1990s, mostly for Forbes, Red Herring, Business 2.0, Fast Company and The New Yorker. I also wrote “BroadBandits: Inside the $750 Billion Telecom Heist.” I blog atOm.co